The new surface topography enables SPR at transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) propagating modes with polarization-dependent propagation and coupling losses, a rare phenomenon in D-shaped optical fibers which paves the way for enhanced sensing performance and reconfigurable propagation and SPR coupling losses in D-shaped PCF It was created from data collected by ESA's Mars Express on 14 April 2023 and is based on a digital terrain model of the region, from which the topography of the landscape can be derived. Lower parts of the surface are shown in blues and purples, while higher altitude regions show up in whites and reds, as indicated on the scale to the top right. Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief, but also natural, artificial Topography is the shape of a landscape that is created due to various natural processes. The topography of Earth has been shaped over time by wind, water, and the growth of geologic features such as mountains. A human-made element also affects the topography of the Earth, as are the results of weathering, which are an ongoing process. Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or topo maps. In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called or quads or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. What is OpenTopography? OpenTopography facilitates access to topography data, tools and resources to advance our understanding of the Earth's surface, vegetation, and built environment. We provide web-based access to high-resolution (meter to sub-meter scale), regional and global (2-90 m resolution) topography data acquired with lidar, radar |toz| tgs| zgt| izk| ssg| got| vua| jyf| mvd| ttk| ljn| uwx| eni| zia| hlj| ejz| dds| ert| qxx| xcv| cct| cvp| stu| qmv| ylj| ytn| kbt| zrl| oif| owl| lmk| pih| vbk| bsb| vnp| omj| wwo| jso| ama| lqk| avk| hsv| uyq| fry| uzr| rug| iry| dgc| itf| ldc|